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It might be an idea to provide a definition of clean cars before embarking on a discussion of them. Let’s try one here: the clean car is a car that meets both mobility requirements and the need to control future energy and climate crises.

For a century now, the car has fuelled our imagination and shaped our territory and our economy: more than any other asset, it has symbolised mobility, success, modernity and independence, while road networks have criss-crossed the landscape and automotive plants have structured our economy. All this was made possible by the discovery of oil, which provided a dense, safe, easily storable and transportable and, above all, extremely cheap source of energy. The widespread development of the motor car created a genuine revolution in human mobility and in man’s relationship with space. Of course, this development has had its drawbacks (accidents, congestion, pollution, urban spread, increasing use of space and of public money), but, let’s face it, nothing that could really undermine the sector’s highly production-oriented business model, or the dreams inspired by cars.

And then the spectre of a dual energy and climate crisis reared its ugly head. This time, given the inevitability of the crisis, maintaining the status quo is clearly no longer an option. Cars will have to use considerably less fossil fuel and, in the long term, do without it altogether. Firstly, of course, because the era of cheap and abundant fossil fuels is largely behind us, but mainly because the developed countries have no choice but to divide their greenhouse gas emissions by four by 2050 if they want to keep global warming below a certain level, which, if exceeded, would throw the global economy off course. Now, despite the improved energy efficiency of combustion-engine-powered vehicles, the growth in the European vehicle fleet has heightened its contribution to global CO2 emissions (+28% between 1990 and 2006). It is therefore urgent that Europe updates its approach to automotive technology. And this commitment will only have a positive impact on the climate if the other developed parts of the world agree to make comparable efforts, and if the emerging countries, which are rapidly expanding their vehicle fleets with the help of western manufacturers, undertake to reduce their emissions so that global CO2 emissions fall by half by 2050. The emergency is global: no single general car manufacturer can escape from it.

We could talk long and hard about how best to tackle road congestion and its negative impacts. This wide-ranging topic raises questions about the roots of our mobility needs and about the organisation of the global economy. Clearly, in this global context, the question of the car industry cannot be dissociated from the issues of land development, socio-economic planning and the relationships between the inhabitants of a region. Nevertheless, the discussions on reducing our dependence on individual transport do not exempt us from the need to make such transport more energy efficient now. It could even be said that this is a necessity, if we are to avoid destroying a large part of our economic, technological, industrial and human heritage, which has played a significant role in shaping and enriching our society, and must continue to do so. The post-car society is therefore not our core subject, although the opening speakers will definitely mention it. By pursuing the concept of the clean car, we aim above all to lay down the technological, industrial, social and political challenges that must be addressed if we are to develop an energy efficiency transition model for the automotive sector, and hence meet our main energy and climate objectives through the effective management of the constraints inherent in the current structure of the automotive sector. Obviously, this will call for a duel process of energy reduction and substitution, and a move from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources (the most important of which is, of course, electricity).

APRIL 14, 2010

 4 pm : WELCOMING ADDRESS
Hervé Fischer - Managing Director of Les Entretiens européens

Hervé FISCHER

 4.30 pm – 5 pm: OPENING TALK-DEBATE
For a responsible development of the automobile, combine both public and private energies
welcomed by Claude Fischer, President of Confrontations Europe
Jean-Paul Bailly, Chairman of La Poste, Vice President of Confrontations Europe

Claude FISCHER & Jean-Paul BAILLY

Jean-Paul BAILLY

 5 pm – 6.30 pm: OPENING ROUND-TABLE DISCUSSION
Clean cars: key aspects of the debate

The vehicle fleet could double in size by 2030, to reach 1.4 billion units. 50 million new vehicles are registered every year, and this figure could reach almost 100 million in 20 years’ time. Given the eventual predominance of emerging markets and the dramatic increase in energy and climate constraints, the major car manufacturers will not be able to maintain the status quo. Business, industrial and technological strategies must be profoundly changed, and the vehicle supply must be able to keep pace with fast-changing demand. Designing a clean car that will fit in with tomorrow’s sustainable mobility model is a real challenge for our societies, the main aspects of which we tried to address here:
 Energy and climate constraints. The contribution of cars to fossil fuel consumption and to greenhouse gas emissions. The trend in the impacts.
 Reduction in the carbon footprint of cars: what needs to be done? The global strategy implemented by public and private players across the world.
 The technological, organisational and human challenges raised by the necessary changes to the technico-socio-economic model of the automotive sector: the main keys to understanding these challenges.

Chaired by: André Ferron, Researcher at Confrontations Europe
With:
- Nicolas Bouley – Delegate general of the French Union of Electricity (UFE)
- Simon Godwin – Director of the European Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR)
- Wolf Jäcklein – Head of the automotive sector to the European Metalworkers’ Federation
- Bernard Jullien – Director of the Permanent Group for the Study of the Automobile Industry and its Employees (GERPISA)
- Philippe Payen – Director for Strategy and Research, VEOLIA Transport
- Georges Vermeersch – Director for Innovation & Strategy, SOFIPROTEOL

André FERRON	Nicolas BOULEY	Slides Nicolas BOULEY	Simon GODWIN
Wolf JACKLEIN	Bernard JULLIEN	Philippe PAYEN	Georges VERMEERSCH

APRIL 15, 2010

 9 am – 9.30 am: DISCUSSION 1
How can electro-mobility help the European automotive sector to get out of the crisis?
Chaired by Jacques Masurel, President of ‘Sauvons le Climat’
Igor Czerny – Co-chairman of the French-German Working Group for Electromobility

Jacques MASUREL & Igor CZERNY

Igor CZERNY

 9.30 am – 11 am: ROUND TABLE 1

Since the early 1970s and the introduction of the first EURO standards, significant progress has been made in terms of reducing the energy consumption and emissions of cars. The purpose of these standards was to substantially reduce local pollution from particles, CO, NOx, SOx and hydrocarbons; this goal has been attained. Nowadays, climate change and emissions of greenhouse gases (especially CO2) are by far the biggest environmental concern. In this respect, the development of hybrid or fully electric vehicles is an ambitious solution, which naturally gives us grounds for optimism, especially concerning urban mobility. Nevertheless, there are still a lot of pitfalls, and a great deal of technological, organisational, geo-economic and strategic obstacles to overcome.
This round table attempted to identify the main technological challenges to be addressed and the key environmental requirements to be met:
 Reduction in energy consumption and pollution: the technological progress already made and the remaining challenges. The main technological obstacles.
 Strategies for tackling industrial constraints and differences in usage: hybrid and rechargeable cars.
 Towards the development of a rechargeable electric car: constraints relating to energy sources and supply networks, electricity pricing and spatial planning. Supply security is in question.
 The political and geo-economic aspects of implementing an electric vehicle solution: the cost and availability of raw materials (lithium, cobalt, etc.), the location of battery and electric engine manufacturing facilities, the impact on the oil industry.

Chaired by: Gilbert Ruelle – Member of the French Academy of Technologies and of the scientific Committee of ‘Sauvons le Climat’
With:
- Gilles Jehan – Director for Development to the Directorate Electrical Vehicles, EDF
- Eric Lemaître – Key account and Public Affairs Manager, CEA-DRT
- Jérôme Perrin – Director for advanced projects CO2 & Environment, Renault SAS
- Philippe Ungerer – Scientific Director, IFP

Gilbert RUELLE	Gilles JEHAN	Eric LEMAITRE	Slides Eric LEMAITRE
Jérôme PERRIN	Slides Jerome PERRIN	Philippe UNGERER	Slides Philippe UNGERER

 11.15 am – 12.45 pm: ROUND TABLE 2

The economic crisis has severely affected the European automotive sector, which was already subject to a pressing need for structural change, brought about by the accelerated evolution and relocation of markets. At the same time, the development of recovery plans has provided a unique opportunity to quickly and decisively restructure the automotive industry, from car manufacturers to equipment manufacturers. This will enable this major economic sector to embark upon a new period of sustainable growth. The success of this transition, which is taking place against a backdrop of fierce international competition, will depend on the commitment of investors, manufacturers, employees, regions and especially cities, and consumers. We discussed the following points in particular:
 Electric technology = new industrial architecture: what are the challenges in terms of updating production tools? What is the most appropriate economic model for Europe? What role will emerging economies play?
 New technologies = new skills: what are the challenges facing companies?
 Without public services, there can be no electric cars: what are the challenges facing regional authorities, especially in urban areas?
 No clients, no salvation: what is the public’s perception of electric vehicles, and how can it be won over?

Chaired by: Claude Fischer, President of Confrontations Europe
With:
- Michel Gardel – Senior Vice President, External Affairs, Toyota Motor Europe
- Ayoul Grouvel – Head for Electric Vehicles, Brands Department, PSA Peugeot Citroën
- Claire Martin – Director of the Renault Foundation Sustainable Development, Michelin
- Edouard de Pirey – Vice-President Corporate Planning and Strategy, Valeo
- Stephen Stradling – Professor, Transport Research Institute, Napier University, Edimbourg
- Martin Zaimov, Vice-Chairman of Sofia City Council

Claude FISCHER	Michel GARDEL	Edouard DE PIREY	Ayoul GROUVEL
Claire MARTIN	Slides Edouard DE PIREY	Slides Michel GARDEL	Slides Ayoul GROUVEL
Stephen STRADLING	Slides Stephen STRADLING		Martin ZAIMOV

 12.45 pm – 1.15 pm: DISCUSSION 2
Business model have to move towards including the clean car in industrial & regional strategies
Chaired by Philippe Herzog, founder-president of Confrontations Europe
Patrick Pélata, Chief Operating Officer of Renault

Philippe HERZOG & Patrick PELATA

Patrick PELATA

Slides Patrick PELATA

 2.30 pm – 3 pm: DISCUSSION 3
National aid policies for the clean cars: a worldwide overview
Chaired by Hervé Fischer – Managing Director of Les Entretiens européens
François Michaux – Senior Adviser, Confrontations Europe

Hervé FISCHER

François MICHAUX

Slides Francois MICHAUX

 3 pm – 4.30 pm: ROUND TABLE 3

Government support for the automotive sector has not wavered since the start of the economic crisis. All the governments have introduced support mechanisms in addition to structural programmes for the promotion of sustainable mobility, which focus on innovation and environmental protection. In fact, a battle is raging for the regional and international leadership of tomorrow’s automotive technology markets. The USA, Japan and Europe – as well as the emerging countries led by China and Korea – are introducing ambitious strategies, not only to help the struggling car industry pull through the economic crisis, but also to support research, innovation, development and prototyping. It is both a socio-economic question (of preserving and developing the industrial fabric and activity) and a question of maintaining human mobility in a sustainable energy and economic environment. To achieve this, the public and private sectors will have to cooperate effectively and responsibly. We presented an overview of this cooperation, and the hopes and expectations behind it:
  National cyclical and structural aid policies. Existing mechanisms: a comparison of France/Germany/USA/China.
  Economic pump-priming: the pivotal role of fleet managers.
  Public-private partnerships and competitiveness clusters: the necessity of public-private sector cooperation in research & development and prototyping. Is the rate of cooperation high enough?
  Regional and international dimensions of car manufacturing groups are calling for the harmonisation of government aid policies. At the dawn of the renewal of the Transport Strategy of the Union, what automotive policy should Europe adopt? The cohesiveness of the regulatory framework is in question.

Chaired by: Michel Rousselot, Chairman of the task force on “transport policy”, established under the Programme of Research and Innovation in Land Transport (PREDIT)
With:
- Muriel Barnéoud – Director for Industrial affairs, Head for EV demand coordination, La Poste
- Nicolas Buchoud, Technical Adviser to the President of Region Ile-de-France
- Philippe Chican – Head of R&D programs, Cluster "Véhicule du futur", France
- Didier Janci – Head of Strategy, Economics and Sustainable Development department, CDC
- Hugues van Honacker – Directory General Mobility & Transport, European Commission

Michel ROUSSELOT	Muriel BARNEOUD	Nicolas BUCHOUD	Philippe CHICAN
Didier JANCI	Hugues VAN HONACKER	Slides Hugues VAN HONACKER

 4.45 pm – 5.15 pm: KEYNOTE CLOSING SPEAKER
Welcomed by Anton Smitsendonk, Chairman of the China Carbon Forum
On the road to the Chinese clean car
Mrs Ni Hong, Director of the Office of New Vehicle Environmental Compliance China Research Academy of Environmental Sciences affiliated to Ministry of Environmental Protection of China

Anton SMITSENDONK & NI Hong

NI Hong

Slides NI Hong

 5.15 pm – 5.45 pm: CONCLUSIONS
Philippe Herzog, Founding Chairman of Confrontations Europe

Philippe HERZOG

MINUTES and CV of the speakers

The minutes are only available in French.
We will publish a Lettre des Entetiens européens next July on this subject, in English. More information will be available soon.

CV des intervenants EE Voiture Propre

CONTACT:
Marie-Ange Schilling : Mail - Fax : +33 1 45 56 18 86 - Tel : +33 1 43 17 32 89

ALSO SEE
 the website www.sauvonsleclimat.org
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